Vaccination in the adult patient infected with HIV: a review of vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity

HIV-infected patients remain at increased risk of mortality and morbidity from vaccine-preventable diseases partly due to the persisting immunopathology which results in impaired responses to vaccination despite virologic suppression. As data on clinical effectiveness in immunocompromised patients remains limited, under-vaccination of HIV-infected individuals poses a major concern. Multiple societies have published recommendations on vaccination in HIV-infected individuals, and many of which are based on extrapolation of data from clinical trials that usually exclude HIV infected patients; although there is a growing body of data from HIV infected patients as well.