Milrinone infusion is one of a few select “non-device” therapies for patients with NYHA class IV, stage D heart failure, which has been associated with an increase in ventricular tachyarrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. Milrinone improves hemodynamics and provides symptomatic relief. Many end stage heart failure patients die from cardiac pump failure, and the impact of ventricular tachyarrhythmia and atrial fibrillation on their mortality is unclear.