Ignored Biases in the Study of Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Stage 4 or 5 Chronic Kidney Disease

An article in a recent issue of The American Journal of Medicine by Chang et al1 indicated high risks of major bleeding in prescribing anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease.1 Though the study is professional in general, there are some critical methodological issues requiring further discussion.

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