A potentially safer, more effective chemotherapy treatment for patients with blood-related cancers, such as leukemia, who need a particular bone marrow transplant procedure is under study. The procedure is known as a haploidentical (half-matched) bone marrow transplantation, or ”haplo-BMT,” providng an alternate source of stem cells for patients needing a bone marrow transplant but unable to find a perfect or near-perfect donor match for human leukocyte antigens.