Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition with neurodevelopmental origins that typically starts in early childhood and follows a persistent trait-like course. It is characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity that persist over time and lead to clinical and psychosocial impairments. Emotional instability is a common feature and is sometimes the main presenting complaint. Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric co-morbidities are common. ADHD can be diagnosed and treated at all ages and persists into adulthood in around two-thirds of individuals.