Centrally mediated abdominal pain and the associated narcotic bowel syndrome are functional bowel disorders that are challenging to manage and associated with significant medical harm, including unnecessary investigations, opioids and surgeries. They are distinguished from more common conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome, by the near-continuous nature of the pain, irrespective of gastrointestinal physiological functioning. Their pathophysiology is obscure and incompletely understood, but they have features consistent with central sensitization.